... activity¹

4320 allusions, an average of one per 1.87 New Testament verses, are listed in Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Biblelstiftung, 1979) Appendix III, ``Loci citate vel allegati.''

... law.''²

Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956) 30.

... man.''³

Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism (New York: Philosophical Library, 1947) 20f.

... D),⁴

Aristotle, De Poetica 21 1457b17.

... historian,⁵

As for example in section 10.1, middle third of David Hume's An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748), and Adolf von Harnack, The History of Dogma (New York: Dover, 1961) 1.vii.

... doing.⁶

Some sympathetic with the communal perspective refuse this extension of meaning, e.g. Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979) 356. Yet Rorty, and Kant (below), concede knowing is a relation of the object to the subject.

... ``self.''⁷

E.g. the English translation of Kierkegaard's ```The Individual': Two `Notes' Concerning My Work as an Author,'' in The Point of View for my Work as an Author (New York: Harper and Row, 1962), in which hiin Enkelte, ``single one,'' is mistranslated as ``individual.''

... senses,''⁸

René Descartes, Meditations, in The Rationalists (New York: Doubleday, 1960), Meditation I, p. 112, 113

.

... geometers''⁹

Meditations, ``Synopsis of the Six Following Meditations,'' p. 108.

...............

... Sense,''¹⁰

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (London: Andrew Crooke, 1651) 1.1 (p. 3)

...............

... itself.''¹¹

Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997) B67.

...............

... Reason¹²

Kant, Critique of Practical Reason (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956).

...............

... (1846),¹³

Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to the Philosophical Fragments (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1941).

...............

... Mythology.¹⁴

Rudolf Bultmann, Kerygma and Myth (London: S.P.C.K, 1953, Theology of the New Testament (New York: Scribners, 1951-55), Jesus Christ and Mythology (New York: Schribners, 1958).

...............

... Solitude.''¹⁵

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 1.13 (p. 63).

...............

... himselfe.''¹⁶

Leviathan 1.14 (pp. 64f).

...............

... Unjust.''¹⁷

Leviathan 1.15 (p. 71).

...............

... politic.''¹⁸

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Social Contract 1.6 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968), p. 61.

...............

... man.''¹⁹

Social Contract 1.8, p. 64f.

...............

... Spirit²⁰

Georg W. F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit (Oxford: Clarendon, 1977). Section references in the treatment of Hegel are to this edition.

...............

... [concept].''²¹

Hegel, Logic (part 1 of Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences) (Oxford: Clarendon, 1975) p. 128f.

...............

... example,²²

Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology I (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951) 72.

...............

... happiness.''²³

Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript 33.

...............

... (1845)²⁴

Karl Marx, The German Ideology, Part I, in Robert Tucker, ed., The Marx-Engels Reader, (New York: Norton, 1972).

...............

... circumstances.''²⁵

Marx, ``Theses on Feuerbach'' 3, in Karl Marx: Frederick Engels: Collected Works, (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1976) 5.3-5.

...............

... production.''²⁶

Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, ``Introduction,'' (Chicago, 1904) 278.

...............

... relations.''²⁷

Marx, ``Theses on Feuerbach'' 6.

...............

... law,''²⁸

Marx, The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (New York: International, 1964) 136.

...............

... Marx.''²⁹

V. I. Lenin, Philosophical Notebooks, in Collected Works 38 (Moscow, 1961) 180.

...............

... studies.³⁰

Norman Gottwald, The Tribes of Yahweh (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1979) parts 10-11.

...............

... Theology³¹

Johann Baptist Metz, Faith in History and Society (New York: Seabury, 1980); Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1973); Juan Luis Segundo, Liberation of Theology (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1976).

...............

... Marxism.³²

A thoroughgoing communal interpretation of Marx is made by Bertell Ollman, Alienation, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1976).

...............

... Geisteswissenschaften³³

Wilhelm Dilthey, Diltheys Gesammelte Schriften 7 (Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1927).

...............

... experience.''³⁴

Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method (New York: Continuum, 1999) 241.

...............

... Probleme³⁵

Ernst Troeltsch, Gesammelte Schriften 3 (Tübingen: Mohr, 1922).

...............

... Harnack.³⁶

Troeltsch, ``The Dogmatics of the `Religionsgeschichtliche Schule,''' AJT 17 (1913) 12.

...............

... Time³⁷

Martin Heidegger, Being and Time (New York: Harper and Row, 1962).

...............

... present-at-hand.³⁸

Heidegger's forerunner Kierkegaard also found this shift beginning with Plato: ``Socrates infinite merit is to have been an existing thinker, not a speculative philosopher who forgets what it means to exist.'' Concluding Unscientific Postscript 184.

...............

... people.''³⁹

This paragraph, pp. 79-172, the quotation, p. 90, of Heidegger's An Introduction to Metaphysics (1935) (New Haven: Yale, 1959).

...............

... Dasein.''⁴⁰

Heidegger, Sein und Zeit, 7th ed. (Tübingen: Neomarius, 1953) 118 [Being and Time 154].

...............

...Dasein-with.''⁴¹

Sein und Zeit 118 [Being and Time 154f].

...............

... me.''⁴²

Emmanuel Levinas, ``Meaning and Sense,'' Basic Philosophical Writings (Bloomington: Indiana University, 1996) 50.

...............

... perspective.⁴³

Martin Buber: ``In mere solicitude man remains essentially with himself, even if he is moved with extreme pity; . . . the barriers of his own being are not thereby breached,'' in ``The Doctrine of Heidegger'' in ``What is Man?'' in Between Man and Man (New York: MacMillan, 1965) 170.

...............

... inwardness.''⁴⁴

Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript 232.

...............

...ontology.''⁴⁵

Heidegger, Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (Bloomington: Indiana University, 1988) 13.

...............

... Nothing?''⁴⁶

Heidegger, ``Was ist Metaphysik?'' in Wegmarken (Frankfurt: Klostermann, 1967) 19, (1978) 121 [``What is Metaphysics?'' in Martin Heidegger, Basic Writings (New York: Harper & Row: 1977) 112].

...............

... Being.''⁴⁷

Heidegger, ``Nachwort zu: `Was ist Metaphysik?''' in Wegmarken (1967) 107; (1978) 310; [Existence and Being (Chicago: Regnery, 1949) 192].

...............

... dwells.''⁴⁸

Heidegger, ``Brief über den Humanismus'' (1947) in Wegmarken (1967) 163, 145; (1978) 329, 311 [``Letter on Humanism'' in Martin Heidegger, Basic Writings 212, 193].

...............

... other.''⁴⁹

Heidegger, Identität und Differenz (1957) (New York: Harper & Row, 1969) 100 Identity and Difference 36].

...............

... (1959)⁵⁰

Heidegger, Unterwegs zur Sprache (Pfullingen: Neske, 1959) 90; 176f; and 19 [On the Way to Language (New York: Harper & Row, 1971) 5; 73; and Poetry, Language, Thought (New York: Harper & Row, 1971) 197].

...............

... being.''⁵¹

Levinas, ``Meaning and Sense'' 38.

...............

... community.⁵²

Louis-Marie Chauvet, Symbol and Sacrament (Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1995) p. 142, note.

...............

... (1960)⁵³

Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method (New York: Continuum, 1999).

...............

... judgement.''⁵⁴

Gottlob Frege, ``Boole's Logical Calculus and the Concept-script,'' (1881) in Posthumous Writings (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1979) 17.

...............

... Mary.''⁵⁵

Frege, ``Logic'' (1897), Posthumous Writings 141.

...............

... content.⁵⁶

Frege, Begriffsschrift (1879), § 2, in Peter Geach and Max Black, eds., Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1952), p. 1f.

...............

... true.''⁵⁷

Frege, ``The Thought: A Logical Inquiry'' (1918), Mind 65 (1956) 294.

...............

... judgement--assertion.''⁵⁸

``The Thought'' 294.

...............

... thoughts.''⁵⁹

59. ``The Thought'' 310.

...............

... sense.⁶⁰

Frege, ``On Sense and Reference'' (1892), in Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege 57.

...............

... mind.''⁶¹

``On Sense and Reference'' 58.

...............

... reference.''⁶²

``On Sense and Reference'' 56.

...............

... Investigations.⁶³

Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations (New York: Macmillan, 1953). References are to the numbered remarks in part 1, or, for notes, to page numbers.

...............

... public.⁶⁴

Part of this systematization of Wittgenstein's argument against private language is after Anthony Kenny, Wittgenstein (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973) 156-158, 178-202.

...............

... theology.⁶⁵

Paul Beauchamp, Le récit, la lettre et le corps (Paris: Cerf, 1992); Louis-Marie Chauvet, Symbol and Sacrament.

...............

... Philosophy⁶⁶

Peter Winch, The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy (New York, Humanities, 1958).

...............

... Weber.⁶⁷

Max Weber, ``R. Stammlers `Ueberwindung' der materialistischen Geschichtsauffassung,'' in Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre (Tübingen: Mohr, 1922). Winch, belonging to the language-philosophy manifestation of the communal movement, draws on the political-philosophy manifestation through Weber, as Troeltsch, belonging to the cultural studies manifestation, does (as above).

...............

... collapse.''⁶⁸

Winch, Ethics and Action (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972) 70.

...............

... manifestations.⁶⁹

Approximately these three versions of the communal movement, the political-philosophy, philosophy-of-history, and language-philosophy manifestations, are the ``three faces'' in Roy J. Howard's Three Faces of Hermeneutics: An Introduction to Current Theories of Understanding (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982).

...............

... Words,⁷⁰

John Austin, How to Do Things with Words (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1962).

...............

... of . . .'')⁷¹

John Searle, ``A Classification of Illocutionary Acts,'' in Keith Gunderson and Grover Maxwell, eds., Minnesota Studies in Philosophy of Science 6 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1975).

...............

... Acts⁷²

Searle, Speech Acts (London: Cambridge University Press, 1969).

...............

... theory.''⁷³

Searle, ``Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics,'' New York Review of Books, June 29, 1972.

...............

... Language.⁷⁴

Noam Chomsky, Reflections on Language (New York: Pantheon Books, 1975), chapter 2.

...............

... authors.⁷⁵

Ironically, the interests of Chomsky and Searle in their personae as speakers and writers on social and political issues are nearly the reverse of this.

...............

... 1974,⁷⁶

Searle, ``Meaning, Communication, and Representation,'' typescript of paper delivered at the University of Hamburg in 1974.

...............

... ``intentional.''⁷⁷

``Institutional'' in Speech Acts 71, ``intentional,'' in ``Meaning, Communication, and Representation'' 25.

...............

... (1968).⁷⁸

Jürgen Habermas, Knowledge and Human Interests (Boston: Beacon, 1971).

...............

... Gadamer,⁷⁹

``Summation and Response'' to Gadamer's ``On the Scope and Function of Hermeneutical Reflection,'' Continuum 8 (1970) 123-133; also ``A Review of Gadamer's Truth and Method, '' in Fred R. Dallmayr and Thomas A. McCarthy, eds., Understanding and Social Inquiry (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1977) 335-363.

...............

... Reflection.''⁸⁰

In Continuum 8 (1970) 77-95, reprinted in Hans-Georg Gadamer, Philosophical Hermeneutics (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1976), pp. 18-43. Pagination is for Philosophical Hermeneutics.

...............

... unified.⁸¹

Karl-Otto Apel, ``Wissenschaft als Emanzipation? Eine Kritische Würdigung der Wissenschaftskonzeption der `Kritischen Theorie,''' in Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 1 (1970) 173-195; Dietrich Böhler, ``Zum problem des emanzipatorischen Interesses und seiner gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung,'' Man and World 3.2 (1970), 26-53; Thomas McCarthy, The Critical Theory of Jürgen Habermas (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978) 94-110.

...............

... 1975,⁸²

Habermas, ``A Postscript to Knowledge and Human Interests,'' Philosophy of the Social Sciences 3 (1975) 182; also Theory and Practice (Boston: Beacon, 1973) 22.

...............

... (1976).⁸³

``What is Universal Pragmatics?'', in Communication and the Evolution of Society (Boston: Beacon, 1979).

...............

... consensus.''⁸⁴

Frankfurt University 1965 inaugural lecture, Knowledge and Human Interests, appendix, 314.

...............

... knows').⁸⁵

``What is Universal Pragmatics?'' 23-25.

...............

... (5.264):⁸⁶

References are to volume and paragraph numbers in Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1958).

...............

... Programmes''⁸⁷

Imre Lakatos, The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978) 8-101.

...............

... Möhler⁸⁸

Johann Adam Möhler, Symbolism (1832) (New York: Crossroad, 1997).

...............

... Newman.⁸⁹

John Henry Newman, An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (London: J. Toovey, 1845).

...............

... Gunkel,⁹⁰

Hermann Gunkel, Einleitung in die Psalmen (Göttingen, 1933).

...............

... Eichrodt,⁹¹

Walther Eichrodt, Theology of the Old Testament (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961-1967).

...............

... Dodd⁹²

C. H. Dodd, According to the Scriptures (London: Nisbet, 1952).

...............

... Metz,⁹³

Johannes B. Metz, Faith in History and Society: Toward a Practical Fundamental Theology (New York: Crossroad, 1980).

...............

... Gutiérrez,⁹⁴

Gustavo Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1973)

...............

... Segundo,⁹⁵

Juan Luis Segundo, Liberation of Theology (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1976).

...............

... Chauvet.⁹⁶

Louis-Marie Chauvet, Symbol and Sacrament (Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1995) p. 142, note.